Gastroesophageal reflux disease, also referred to as GERD or acid reflux, is a condition in which the esophageal sphincter does not close properly causing acidic contents of the stomach to back up into the esophagus. This can cause an uncomfortable burning sensation in the throat and chest.
This disorder can affect not only adults but children and teens as well. Infants and children with neurological disorders and other developmental delays tend to be at higher risk for developing gastroesophageal reflux disease.

The cause of GERD is not known but factors including obesity, smoking, pregnancy, stress and anatomical abnormalities are believed to contribute to this disorder. Certain foods will sometimes worsen the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease and should be avoided if problems persist. These include things like chocolate, spicy foods, alcohol, citrus fruits, and fatty foods.

Frequent heartburn, most often occurring after meals, is one of the most common symptoms of GERD. Other symptoms often include bad breath, sore throat, regurgitation, and nausea. Gastroesophageal reflux disease can cause more serious symptoms in children including vomiting, weight loss, and breathing complications.
If the doctor suspects that a patient has GERD, several tests may be ordered. Tests that can confirm a diagnosis of GERD include x-rays of the esophagus and stomach, Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and an esophageal PH test.

Once a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease has been confirmed, treatment will be prescribed. There are many treatment options that may be considered. For less serious cases, simple lifestyle changes such as altering diet choices, eating smaller, more frequent meals and sleeping in a propped up position. The doctor may also prescribe medications to be taken before each meal to help neutralize the acid in the stomach. Patients with more severe cases of GERD often must consider surgery to correct the abnormalities in the the esophagus. Surgery is usually performed on an outpatient basis and done laparoscopically allowing for a faster recovery at home rather than in the hospital.

If a diagnosis of GERD has been confirmed, it is important to follow a treatment regimen in order to prevent further complications from this disease. Common complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease include Barrett’s esophagus, asthma, and ear and sinus problems. Inflammation and infection of the throat, larynx, and lungs may also be possible.

With simple lifestyle changes and by eliminating potential causes as well as following proper treatment suggestions, patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease can go on to lead normal and active lives.

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